Trifolium pratense and the Heavy Metal Content in Various Urban Areas

Effective biomonitoring strategies are essential for identifying and assessing the sources levels of contamination heavy metal pollutants in urban areas, given their negative impacts on human health environment. This study aimed to assess potential common weed, Trifolium pratense as a bioindicator various land uses with focus Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb. The results have shown that Cr Ni had high bioconcentration factor (BCF) values most sites, comparison Cd Contamination (CF) varied across all sites. industrial area old town sites highest translocation (TF) indicating greater transport these metals from roots aerial parts plants. Differences between (HMs) according use were observed; especially, Pb Cu more concentrated soils than other areas. Overall, findings suggest is promising making it potentially valuable tool monitoring pollution cities northern hemisphere.